Skunkware 98/Skunkware 98.iso/osr5/sco/scripts/mail/mailalert

AWK Script | 1997-08-26 | 35.3 KB | 976 lines

#!/usr/local/bin/gawk -f
# @(#) mailalert.gawk 1.3 96/11/14
# 92/03/20 John DuBois ([e-mail])
# 92/11/07 Added Uncontrol filtering
# 93/02/01 Separated utty and id into functions
# 94/02/27 Arrange for process to be killed eventually if one of the tty
#          writes hangs.
# 94/03/14 Close kill command.
# 94/03/24 Added nobeep option
# 94/07/14 Use gawk, so user name can be given on cmd line & input still read
#          from stdin.  Added all options.
# 95/06/12 Include date in alerts.
# 95/06/17 Added [enwaxX] options.
# 96/05/22 Added tV options.
# 96/11/14 Use cat to write to tty.

# Options not listed by -h:
# -x: Turn on debugging.
# -e<errorfile>: Send error output to errorfile instead of stderr.

BEGIN {
    Name = "mailalert"
    Usage = "Usage: " Name " [-hbnwatV] [username]"
    ErrorFile = "/dev/stderr"
    ARGC = Opts(Name,Usage,"hbnwatVxe:",0)
    if ("h" in Options) {
    printf \
"%s: Notify users of new mail.\n"\
"%s\n"\
"%s is used to notify a user if the user receives mail while logged in.\n"\
"Note: in the following, 'writable' refers to a tty that has been set\n"\
"writable by the 'mesg' command, and being logged on a tty refers to\n"\
"having a utmp entry for that tty.\n"\
"%s is set up by putting this line in the user's .maildelivery file:\n"\
"* - pipe R /usr/local/bin/mailalert\n"\
"(note that mailalert may be somewhere other than /usr/local/bin).  \n"\
"With this line in place, whenever mail is delivered, %s will be run.\n"\
"It will check to see if the user is logged in and writable on any tty; if\n"\
"so, a message informing the user of new mail is written to each such tty.\n"\
"If a user name is given, messages are written to any of that user's ttys\n"\
"whose tty permissions allow writing by the user receiving mail.\n"\
"Options:\n"\
"-h: Print this help.\n"\
"-b: Do not send beeps with the message written to the ttys.\n"\
"-n: Send a message to every tty the user is logged in on, whether writable\n"\
"    or not.\n"\
"-w: If the user is writable on any ttys, send messages to those ttys; if\n"\
"    not, send messages to non-writable ttys.\n"\
"-a: Send a message only to the most recently modified tty (hopefully, the\n"\
"    tty the user is currently active on).  If -w is used with this option,\n"\
"    %s will search first for the most recently modifed writable tty,\n"\
"    then the most recently modified non-writable tty.\n"\
"-t: Test mailalert by generating pseudo-data instead of reading a mail\n"\
"    message from the standard input.\n"\
"-V: Verbose mode.  A description of what %s is doing as it searches\n"\
"    for ttys to write to is printed on the standard output.\n",
Name,Usage,Name,Name,Name,Name,Name
        exit 0
    }
    if ("e" in Options)
    ErrorFile = Options["e"]
    if ((Err = ExclusiveOptions("n,wa",Options)) != "") {
    printf "mailalert: Error: " Err "\n" > ErrorFile
    exit(1)
    }
    nobeep = "b" in Options
    allTTYs = "n" in Options || (writableFirst = "w" in Options)
    recentFirst = "a" in Options
    Debug = "x" in Options
    Verbose = "V" in Options || Debug
    PsuedoData = "t" in Options
    if (ARGC > 1) {
    if (ARGC > 2) {
        printf "mailalert: Error: Too many arguments given.  Exiting.\n"\
        > ErrorFile
        exit(1)
    }
    User = ARGV[1]
    }
    else
    User = id()
    if (!(NumTTYs = utty(User,TTYs,Age))) {
    if (Verbose)
        printf "%s is not logged in on any ttys.  Exiting.\n",User
    exit(0)
    }
    else if (Verbose)
    printf "%s is logged in on %s tty(s).\n",User,NumTTYs
    if (PsuedoData) {
    MStat["Lines"] = 99
    MStat["From"] = "From: Someone@Somewhere"
    MStat["Subject"] = "Subject: This is a test, this is only a test..."
    }
    else
    GetMailStat(MStat)
    MakeUncontrolTable()
    # If any ttys are writable, arrange to discard non-writable ttys
    if (writableFirst)
    for (tty in TTYs)
        if (TTYs[tty]) {
        if (Verbose)
            printf "Found a writable tty (%s).\n",tty
        allTTYs = 0
        break
        }
    if (!allTTYs)    # discard non-writable ttys
    for (tty in TTYs)
        if (!TTYs[tty]) {
        if (Verbose)
            printf "Discarding non-writable tty: %s\n",tty
        NumTTYs--
        delete TTYs[tty]
        delete Age[tty]
        }
    if (!NumTTYs)
    exit(0)
    # TTY open may hang in certain circumstances due to modem control, etc.
    # Give writes 5 seconds per tty.
    if (recentFirst)
    KillMe(NumTTYs)
    else
    KillMe(5*NumTTYs)
    if (Verbose)
    printf "%d tty(s) left.\n",NumTTYs
    if (recentFirst)
    arrMin(Age,TTYs)
    for (tty in TTYs) {
    if (Verbose)
        printf "biffing /dev/%s\n",tty
    biff("/dev/" tty,MStat,!nobeep)
    }
}

# Arrange for this process to be killed in Sec seconds.
# Stores PID of backgrounded shell in global KillPID, and also returns it,
# so that this can be aborted.
function KillMe(Sec,  Cmd) {
    # Use ksh because it has $PPID.
    # Exec it so $PPID will be correct.
    # Go into background as a subshell within ksh because if the exec'ed
    # ksh is run in the background it will have a different $PPID since it
    # will have to be forked to go into the background,
    # while () preserves $PPID even when put in the background.
    # Echo $! so we will have a PID to kill to abort this.
    # Use newline to separate because ; doesn't work with &.
    Cmd = sprintf("exec /bin/ksh -c '(sleep %d; kill -9 $PPID 2>/dev/null)&\n"\
    "echo $!'", Sec)
    Cmd | getline KillPID
    close (Cmd)
    return KillPID
}

#function AbortKill() {
#    return system("kill -9 " KillPID)
#}

# utty: find ttys a user is logged in on.
# For each tty User is logged in on, an element is created in TTYs[].
# The index is the name of the tty, with a leading "/dev/".
# The value is set to 1 if the user is writable on that tty, 0 if not.
# The time since there was activity on the tty (in minutes) is returned in
# Age, indexed the same as TTYs.
# The number of ttys the user is logged in on is returned.
function utty(User,TTYs,Age,  Cmd,Count) {
# who -uT output looks like this:
# max      - ttyp30       Jun 15 09:45  0:09   3787
    Cmd = "exec who -uT"
    Count = 0
    while ((Cmd | getline) == 1)
    if (NF == 8 && $1 == User) {
        if ($2 == "+")
        TTYs[$3] = 1
        else
        TTYs[$3] = 0
        Count++
        Age[$3] = hm2m($7)
    }
    close(Cmd)
    return Count
}

# Given a time string of the form m or mm or h:mm, return the time in minutes.
function hm2m(HM) {
    if (split(HM,elem,":") > 1)
    return elem[1]*60 + elem[2]
    else
    return elem[1]
}

# id returns the login name of the user who owns the current process
function id(  Cmd,line,elem) {
    Cmd = "exec /usr/bin/id"
    Cmd | getline line
    split(line,elem,"[()]")
    close(Cmd)
    return elem[2]
}

# This function returns the date in the system timezone.
# We must do this because pipes in .maildelivery are run without TZ set,
# and setting TZ doesn't affect gawk's strftime function.
function LocalDate(  Cmd,line) {
    Cmd = ". /etc/TIMEZONE; exec /bin/date '+%a %h %d %H:%M %Z'"
    Cmd | getline line
    close(Cmd)
    return line
}

function biff(tty,MStat,beep,  message) {
    Message = sprintf("%s\r\nNew mail received %s (%d lines):\r\n",
    (beep ? "\007" : ""), LocalDate(), MStat["Lines"])
    if ("From" in MStat)
    Message = Message Uncontrol(MStat["From"]) "\r\n"
    if ("Subject" in MStat)
    Message = Message Uncontrol(MStat["Subject"]) "\r\n"
    # Use cat to write to tty because if awk tries to open the tty and fails,
    # it will abort, preventing it from going on to the next tty.
    Cmd = "cat > " tty
    printf "%s",Message | Cmd
    close(Cmd)
}

function GetMailStat(MStat,  InHeader,LineCt) {
    InHeader = 1
    LineCt = 0
    while ((getline < "/dev/stdin") == 1) {
    LineCt++
    if (InHeader) {
        if (Debug)
        printf "Header line %d: %s\n",LineCt,$0
        if (!NF) {
        InHeader = 0
        continue
        }
        if ($1 == "From:")
        MStat["From"] = $0
        else if ($1 == "Subject:")
        MStat["Subject"] = $0
    }
    }
    MStat["Lines"] = LineCt
}

# Uncontrol(S): Convert control characters in S to symbolic form.
# Characters in S with values < 32 are converted to the form ^X.
# The resulting string is returned.
# Global variables: the array UncTable must be initialized to a
# lookup table translating characters 0..31 to symbolic values
# before using this function.
function Uncontrol(S,  i,len,Output) {
    len = length(S)
    Output = ""
    for (i = 1; i <= len; i++)
    Output = Output UncTable[substr(S,i,1)]
    return Output
}

# MakeUncontrolTable: Make a table for use by Uncontrol().
# Global variables:
# UncTable[] is made into a character -> symbolic character lookup table.
function MakeUncontrolTable(  i) {
    for (i = 0; i < 32; i++)
    UncTable[sprintf("%c",i)] = "^" sprintf("%c",i + 64)
    for (i = 32; i < 127; i++)
    UncTable[sprintf("%c",i)] = sprintf("%c",i)
    UncTable[sprintf("%c",127)] = "^?"
    for (i = 128; i < 256; i++)
    UncTable[sprintf("%c",i)] = "\\" sprintf("%03o",i)
}

### Start of ProcArgs library
# @(#) ProcArgs 1.11 96/12/08
# 92/02/29 john h. dubois iii ([e-mail])
# 93/07/18 Added "#" arg type
# 93/09/26 Do not count -h against MinArgs
# 94/01/01 Stop scanning at first non-option arg.  Added ">" option type.
#          Removed meaning of "+" or "-" by itself.
# 94/03/08 Added & option and *()< option types.
# 94/04/02 Added NoRCopt to Opts()
# 94/06/11 Mark numeric variables as such.
# 94/07/08 Opts(): Do not require any args if h option is given.
# 95/01/22 Record options given more than once.  Record option num in argv.
# 95/06/08 Added ExclusiveOptions().
# 96/01/20 Let rcfiles be a colon-separated list of filenames.
#          Expand $VARNAME at the start of its filenames.
#          Let varname=0 and -option- turn off an option.
# 96/05/05 Changed meaning of 7th arg to Opts; now can specify exactly how many
#          of the vars should be searched for in the environment.
#          Check for duplicate rcfiles.
# 96/05/13 Return more specific error values.  Note: ProcArgs() and InitOpts()
#          now return various negatives values on error, not just -1, and
#          Opts() may set Err to various positive values, not just 1.
#          Added AllowUnrecOpt.
# 96/05/23 Check type given for & option
# 96/06/15 Re-port to awk
# 96/10/01 Moved file-reading code into ReadConfFile(), so that it can be
#          used by other functions.
# 96/10/15 Added OptChars
# 96/11/01 Added exOpts arg to Opts()
# 96/11/16 Added ; type
# 96/12/08 Added Opt2Set() & Opt2Sets()
# 96/12/27 Added CmdLineOpt()

# optlist is a string which contains all of the possible command line options.
# A character followed by certain characters indicates that the option takes
# an argument, with type as follows:
# :    String argument
# ;    Non-empty string argument
# *    Floating point argument
# (    Non-negative floating point argument
# )    Positive floating point argument
# #    Integer argument
# <    Non-negative integer argument
# >    Positive integer argument
# The only difference the type of argument makes is in the runtime argument
# error checking that is done.

# The & option is a special case used to get numeric options without the
# user having to give an option character.  It is shorthand for [-+.0-9].
# If & is included in optlist and an option string that begins with one of
# these characters is seen, the value given to "&" will include the first
# char of the option.  & must be followed by a type character other than ":"
# or ";".
# Note that if e.g. &> is given, an option of -.5 will produce an error.

# Strings in argv[] which begin with "-" or "+" are taken to be
# strings of options, except that a string which consists solely of "-"
# or "+" is taken to be a non-option string; like other non-option strings,
# it stops the scanning of argv and is left in argv[].
# An argument of "--" or "++" also stops the scanning of argv[] but is removed.
# If an option takes an argument, the argument may either immediately
# follow it or be given separately.
# "-" and "+" options are treated the same.  "+" is allowed because most awks
# take any -options to be arguments to themselves.  gawk 2.15 was enhanced to
# stop scanning when it encounters an unrecognized option, though until 2.15.5
# this feature had a flaw that caused problems in some cases.  See the OptChars
# parameter to explicitly set the option-specifier characters.

# If an option that does not take an argument is given,
# an index with its name is created in Options and its value is set to the
# number of times it occurs in argv[].

# If an option that does take an argument is given, an index with its name is
# created in Options and its value is set to the value of the argument given
# for it, and Options[option-name,"count"] is (initially) set to the 1.
# If an option that takes an argument is given more than once,
# Options[option-name,"count"] is incremented, and the value is assigned to
# the index (option-name,instance) where instance is 2 for the second occurance
# of the option, etc.
# In other words, the first time an option with a value is encountered, the
# value is assigned to an index consisting only of its name; for any further
# occurances of the option, the value index has an extra (count) dimension.

# The sequence number for each option found in argv[] is stored in
# Options[option-name,"num",instance], where instance is 1 for the first
# occurance of the option, etc.  The sequence number starts at 1 and is
# incremented for each option, both those that have a value and those that
# do not.  Options set from a config file have a value of 0 assigned to this.

# Options and their arguments are deleted from argv.
# Note that this means that there may be gaps left in the indices of argv[].
# If compress is nonzero, argv[] is packed by moving its elements so that
# they have contiguous integer indices starting with 0.
# Option processing will stop with the first unrecognized option, just as
# though -- was given except that unlike -- the unrecognized option will not be
# removed from ARGV[].  Normally, an error value is returned in this case.
# If AllowUnrecOpt is true, it is not an error for an unrecognized option to
# be found, so the number of remaining arguments is returned instead.
# If OptChars is not a null string, it is the set of characters that indicate
# that an argument is an option string if the string begins with one of the
# characters.  A string consisting solely of two of the same option-indicator
# characters stops the scanning of argv[].  The default is "-+".
# argv[0] is not examined.
# The number of arguments left in argc is returned.
# If an error occurs, the global string OptErr is set to an error message
# and a negative value is returned.
# Current error values:
# -1: option that required an argument did not get it.
# -2: argument of incorrect type supplied for an option.
# -3: unrecognized (invalid) option.
function ProcArgs(argc,argv,OptList,Options,compress,AllowUnrecOpt,OptChars,
ArgNum,ArgsLeft,Arg,ArgLen,ArgInd,Option,Pos,NumOpt,Value,HadValue,specGiven,
NeedNextOpt,GotValue,OptionNum,Escape,dest,src,count,c,OptTerm,OptCharSet)
{
# ArgNum is the index of the argument being processed.
# ArgsLeft is the number of arguments left in argv.
# Arg is the argument being processed.
# ArgLen is the length of the argument being processed.
# ArgInd is the position of the character in Arg being processed.
# Option is the character in Arg being processed.
# Pos is the position in OptList of the option being processed.
# NumOpt is true if a numeric option may be given.
    ArgsLeft = argc
    NumOpt = index(OptList,"&")
    OptionNum = 0
    if (OptChars == "")
    OptChars = "-+"
    while (OptChars != "") {
    c = substr(OptChars,1,1)
    OptChars = substr(OptChars,2)
    OptCharSet[c]
    OptTerm[c c]
    }
    for (ArgNum = 1; ArgNum < argc; ArgNum++) {
    Arg = argv[ArgNum]
    if (length(Arg) < 2 || !((specGiven = substr(Arg,1,1)) in OptCharSet))
        break    # Not an option; quit
    if (Arg in OptTerm) {
        delete argv[ArgNum]
        ArgsLeft--
        break
    }
    ArgLen = length(Arg)
    for (ArgInd = 2; ArgInd <= ArgLen; ArgInd++) {
        Option = substr(Arg,ArgInd,1)
        if (NumOpt && Option ~ /[-+.0-9]/) {
        # If this option is a numeric option, make its flag be & and
        # its option string flag position be the position of & in
        # the option string.
        Option = "&"
        Pos = NumOpt
        # Prefix Arg with a char so that ArgInd will point to the
        # first char of the numeric option.
        Arg = "&" Arg
        ArgLen++
        }
        # Find position of flag in option string, to get its type (if any).
        # Disallow & as literal flag.
        else if (!(Pos = index(OptList,Option)) || Option == "&") {
        if (AllowUnrecOpt) {
            Escape = 1
            break
        }
        else {
            OptErr = "Invalid option: " specGiven Option
            return -3
        }
        }

        # Find what the value of the option will be if it takes one.
        # NeedNextOpt is true if the option specifier is the last char of
        # this arg, which means that if the option requires a value it is
        # the next arg.
        if (NeedNextOpt = (ArgInd >= ArgLen)) { # Value is the next arg
        if (GotValue = ArgNum + 1 < argc)
            Value = argv[ArgNum+1]
        }
        else {    # Value is included with option
        Value = substr(Arg,ArgInd + 1)
        GotValue = 1
        }

        if (HadValue = AssignVal(Option,Value,Options,
        substr(OptList,Pos + 1,1),GotValue,"",++OptionNum,!NeedNextOpt,
        specGiven)) {
        if (HadValue < 0)    # error occured
            return HadValue
        if (HadValue == 2)
            ArgInd++    # Account for the single-char value we used.
        else {
            if (NeedNextOpt) {    # option took next arg as value
            delete argv[++ArgNum]
            ArgsLeft--
            }
            break    # This option has been used up
        }
        }
    }
    if (Escape)
        break
    # Do not delete arg until after processing of it, so that if it is not
    # recognized it can be left in ARGV[].
    delete argv[ArgNum]
    ArgsLeft--
    }
    if (compress != 0) {
    dest = 1
    src = argc - ArgsLeft + 1
    for (count = ArgsLeft - 1; count; count--) {
        ARGV[dest] = ARGV[src]
        dest++
        src++
    }
    }
    return ArgsLeft
}

# Assignment to values in Options[] occurs only in this function.
# Option: Option specifier character.
# Value: Value to be assigned to option, if it takes a value.
# Options[]: Options array to return values in.
# ArgType: Argument type specifier character.
# GotValue: Whether any value is available to be assigned to this option.
# Name: Name of option being processed.
# OptionNum: Number of this option (starting with 1) if set in argv[],
#     or 0 if it was given in a config file or in the environment.
# SingleOpt: true if the value (if any) that is available for this option was
#     given as part of the same command line arg as the option.  Used only for
#     options from the command line.
# specGiven is the option specifier character use, if any (e.g. - or +),
# for use in error messages.
# Global variables: OptErr
# Return value: negative value on error, 0 if option did not require an
# argument, 1 if it did & used the whole arg, 2 if it required just one char of
# the arg.
# Current error values:
# -1: Option that required an argument did not get it.
# -2: Value of incorrect type supplied for option.
# -3: Bad type given for option &
function AssignVal(Option,Value,Options,ArgType,GotValue,Name,OptionNum,
SingleOpt,specGiven,  UsedValue,Err,NumTypes) {
    # If option takes a value...    [
    NumTypes = "*()#<>]"
    if (Option == "&" && ArgType !~ "[" NumTypes) {    # ]
    OptErr = "Bad type given for & option"
    return -3
    }

    if (UsedValue = (ArgType ~ "[:;" NumTypes)) {    # ]
    if (!GotValue) {
        if (Name != "")
        OptErr = "Variable requires a value -- " Name
        else
        OptErr = "option requires an argument -- " Option
        return -1
    }
    if ((Err = CheckType(ArgType,Value,Option,Name,specGiven)) != "") {
        OptErr = Err
        return -2
    }
    # Mark this as a numeric variable; will be propogated to Options[] val.
    if (ArgType != ":" && ArgType != ";")
        Value += 0
    if ((Instance = ++Options[Option,"count"]) > 1)
        Options[Option,Instance] = Value
    else
        Options[Option] = Value
    }
    # If this is an environ or rcfile assignment & it was given a value...
    else if (!OptionNum && Value != "") {
    UsedValue = 1
    # If the value is "0" or "-" and this is the first instance of it,
    # do not set Options[Option]; this allows an assignment in an rcfile to
    # turn off an option (for the simple "Option in Options" test) in such
    # a way that it cannot be turned on in a later file.
    if (!(Option in Options) && (Value == "0" || Value == "-"))
        Instance = 1
    else
        Instance = ++Options[Option]
    # Save the value even though this is a flag
    Options[Option,Instance] = Value
    }
    # If this is a command line flag and has a - following it in the same arg,
    # it is being turned off.
    else if (OptionNum && SingleOpt && substr(Value,1,1) == "-") {
    UsedValue = 2
    if (Option in Options)
        Instance = ++Options[Option]
    else
        Instance = 1
    Options[Option,Instance]
    }
    # If this is a flag assignment without a value, increment the count for the
    # flag unless it was turned off.  The indicator for a flag being turned off
    # is that the flag index has not been set in Options[] but it has an
    # instance count.
    else if (Option in Options || !((Option,1) in Options))
    # Increment number of times this flag seen; will inc null value to 1
    Instance = ++Options[Option]
    Options[Option,"num",Instance] = OptionNum
    return UsedValue
}

# Option is the option letter
# Value is the value being assigned
# Name is the var name of the option, if any
# ArgType is one of:
# :    String argument
# ;    Non-null string argument
# *    Floating point argument
# (    Non-negative floating point argument
# )    Positive floating point argument
# #    Integer argument
# <    Non-negative integer argument
# >    Positive integer argument
# specGiven is the option specifier character use, if any (e.g. - or +),
# for use in error messages.
# Returns null on success, err string on error
function CheckType(ArgType,Value,Option,Name,specGiven,  Err,ErrStr) {
    if (ArgType == ":")
    return ""
    if (ArgType == ";") {
    if (Value == "")
        Err = "must be a non-empty string"
    }
    # A number begins with optional + or -, and is followed by a string of
    # digits or a decimal with digits before it, after it, or both
    else if (Value !~ /^[-+]?([0-9]+|[0-9]*\.[0-9]+|[0-9]+\.)$/)
    Err = "must be a number"
    else if (ArgType ~ "[#<>]" && Value ~ /\./)
    Err = "may not include a fraction"
    else if (ArgType ~ "[()<>]" && Value < 0)
    Err = "may not be negative"
    # (
    else if (ArgType ~ "[)>]" && Value == 0)
    Err = "must be a positive number"
    if (Err != "") {
    ErrStr = "Bad value \"" Value "\".  Value assigned to "
    if (Name != "")
        return ErrStr "variable " substr(Name,1,1) " " Err
    else {
        if (Option == "&")
        Option = Value
        return ErrStr "option " specGiven substr(Option,1,1) " " Err
    }
    }
    else
    return ""
}

# Note: only the above functions are needed by ProcArgs.
# The rest of these functions call ProcArgs() and also do other
# option-processing stuff.

# Opts: Process command line arguments.
# Opts processes command line arguments using ProcArgs()
# and checks for errors.  If an error occurs, a message is printed
# and the program is exited.
#
# Input variables:
# Name is the name of the program, for error messages.
# Usage is a usage message, for error messages.
# OptList the option description string, as used by ProcArgs().
# MinArgs is the minimum number of non-option arguments that this
# program should have, non including ARGV[0] and +h.
# If the program does not require any non-option arguments,
# MinArgs should be omitted or given as 0.
# rcFiles, if given, is a colon-seprated list of filenames to read for
# variable initialization.  If a filename begins with ~/, the ~ is replaced
# by the value of the environment variable HOME.  If a filename begins with
# $, the part from the character after the $ up until (but not including)
# the first character not in [a-zA-Z0-9_] will be searched for in the
# environment; if found its value will be substituted, if not the filename will
# be discarded.
# rcfiles are read in the order given.
# Values given in them will not override values given on the command line,
# and values given in later files will not override those set in earlier
# files, because AssignVal() will store each with a different instance index.
# The first instance of each variable, either on the command line or in an
# rcfile, will be stored with no instance index, and this is the value
# normally used by programs that call this function.
# VarNames is a comma-separated list of variable names to map to options,
# in the same order as the options are given in OptList.
# If EnvSearch is given and nonzero, the first EnvSearch variables will also be
# searched for in the environment.  If set to -1, all values will be searched
# for in the environment.  Values given in the environment will override
# those given in the rcfiles but not those given on the command line.
# NoRCopt, if given, is an additional letter option that if given on the
# command line prevents the rcfiles from being read.
# See ProcArgs() for a description of AllowUnRecOpt and optChars, and
# ExclusiveOptions() for a description of exOpts.
# Special options:
# If x is made an option and is given, some debugging info is output.
# h is assumed to be the help option.

# Global variables:
# The command line arguments are taken from ARGV[].
# The arguments that are option specifiers and values are removed from
# ARGV[], leaving only ARGV[0] and the non-option arguments.
# The number of elements in ARGV[] should be in ARGC.
# After processing, ARGC is set to the number of elements left in ARGV[].
# The option values are put in Options[].
# On error, Err is set to a positive integer value so it can be checked for in
# an END block.
# Return value: The number of elements left in ARGV is returned.
# Must keep OptErr global since it may be set by InitOpts().
function Opts(Name,Usage,OptList,MinArgs,rcFiles,VarNames,EnvSearch,NoRCopt,
AllowUnrecOpt,optChars,exOpts,  ArgsLeft,e) {
    if (MinArgs == "")
    MinArgs = 0
    ArgsLeft = ProcArgs(ARGC,ARGV,OptList NoRCopt,Options,1,AllowUnrecOpt,
    optChars)
    if (ArgsLeft < (MinArgs+1) && !("h" in Options)) {
    if (ArgsLeft >= 0) {
        OptErr = "Not enough arguments"
        Err = 4
    }
    else
        Err = -ArgsLeft
    printf "%s: %s.\nUse -h for help.\n%s\n",
    Name,OptErr,Usage > "/dev/stderr"
    exit 1
    }
    if (rcFiles != "" && (NoRCopt == "" || !(NoRCopt in Options)) &&
    (e = InitOpts(rcFiles,Options,OptList,VarNames,EnvSearch)) < 0)
    {
    print Name ": " OptErr ".\nUse -h for help." > "/dev/stderr"
    Err = -e
    exit 1
    }
    if ((exOpts != "") && ((OptErr = ExclusiveOptions(exOpts,Options)) != ""))
    {
    printf "%s: Error: %s\n",Name,OptErr > "/dev/stderr"
    Err = 1
    exit 1
    }
    return ArgsLeft
}

# ReadConfFile(): Read a file containing var/value assignments, in the form
# <variable-name><assignment-char><value>.
# Whitespace (spaces and tabs) around a variable (leading whitespace on the
# line and whitespace between the variable name and the assignment character)
# is stripped.  Lines that do not contain an assignment operator or which
# contain a null variable name are ignored, other than possibly being noted in
# the return value.  If more than one assignment is made to a variable, the
# first assignment is used.
# Input variables:
# File is the file to read.
# Comment is the line-comment character.  If it is found as the first non-
#     whitespace character on a line, the line is ignored.
# Assign is the assignment string.  The first instance of Assign on a line
#     separates the variable name from its value.
# If StripWhite is true, whitespace around the value (whitespace between the
#     assignment char and trailing whitespace on the line) is stripped.
# VarPat is a pattern that variable names must match.
#     Example: "^[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9]+$"
# If FlagsOK is true, variables are allowed to be "set" by being put alone on
#     a line; no assignment operator is needed.  These variables are set in
#     the output array with a null value.  Lines containing nothing but
#     whitespace are still ignored.
# Output variables:
# Values[] contains the assignments, with the indexes being the variable names
#     and the values being the assigned values.
# Lines[] contains the line number that each variable occured on.  A flag set
#     is record by giving it an index in Lines[] but not in Values[].
# Return value:
# If any errors occur, a string consisting of descriptions of the errors
# separated by newlines is returned.  In no case will the string start with a
# numeric value.  If no errors occur,  the number of lines read is returned.
function ReadConfigFile(Values,Lines,File,Comment,Assign,StripWhite,VarPat,
FlagsOK,
Line,Status,Errs,AssignLen,LineNum,Var,Val) {
    if (Comment != "")
    Comment = "^" Comment
    AssignLen = length(Assign)
    if (VarPat == "")
    VarPat = "."    # null varname not allowed
    while ((Status = (getline Line < File)) == 1) {
    LineNum++
    sub("^[ \t]+","",Line)
    if (Line == "")        # blank line
        continue
    if (Comment != "" && Line ~ Comment)
        continue
    if (Pos = index(Line,Assign)) {
        Var = substr(Line,1,Pos-1)
        Val = substr(Line,Pos+AssignLen)
        if (StripWhite) {
        sub("^[ \t]+","",Val)
        sub("[ \t]+$","",Val)
        }
    }
    else {
        Var = Line    # If no value, var is entire line
        Val = ""
    }
    if (!FlagsOK && Val == "") {
        Errs = Errs \
        sprintf("\nBad assignment on line %d of file %s: %s",
        LineNum,File,Line)
        continue
    }
    sub("[ \t]+$","",Var)
    if (Var !~ VarPat) {
        Errs = Errs sprintf("\nBad variable name on line %d of file %s: %s",
        LineNum,File,Var)
        continue
    }
    if (!(Var in Lines)) {
        Lines[Var] = LineNum
        if (Pos)
        Values[Var] = Val
    }
    }
    if (Status)
    Errs = Errs "\nCould not read file " File
    close(File)
    return Errs == "" ? LineNum : substr(Errs,2)    # Skip first newline
}

# Variables:
# Data is stored in Options[].
# rcFiles, OptList, VarNames, and EnvSearch are as as described for Opts().
# Global vars:
# Sets OptErr.  Uses ENVIRON[].
# If anything is read from any of the rcfiles, sets READ_RCFILE to 1.
function InitOpts(rcFiles,Options,OptList,VarNames,EnvSearch,
Line,Var,Pos,Vars,Map,CharOpt,NumVars,TypesInd,Types,Type,Ret,i,rcFile,
fNames,numrcFiles,filesRead,Err,Values,retStr) {
    split("",filesRead,"")    # make awk know this is an array
    NumVars = split(VarNames,Vars,",")
    TypesInd = Ret = 0
    if (EnvSearch == -1)
    EnvSearch = NumVars
    for (i = 1; i <= NumVars; i++) {
    Var = Vars[i]
    CharOpt = substr(OptList,++TypesInd,1)
    if (CharOpt ~ "^[:;*()#<>&]$")
        CharOpt = substr(OptList,++TypesInd,1)
    Map[Var] = CharOpt
    Types[Var] = Type = substr(OptList,TypesInd+1,1)
    # Do not overwrite entries from environment
    if (i <= EnvSearch && Var in ENVIRON &&
    (Err = AssignVal(CharOpt,ENVIRON[Var],Options,Type,1,Var,0)) < 0)
        return Err
    }

    numrcFiles = split(rcFiles,fNames,":")
    for (i = 1; i <= numrcFiles; i++) {
    rcFile = fNames[i]
    if (rcFile ~ "^~/")
        rcFile = ENVIRON["HOME"] substr(rcFile,2)
    else if (rcFile ~ /^\$/) {
        rcFile = substr(rcFile,2)
        match(rcFile,"^[a-zA-Z0-9_]*")
        envvar = substr(rcFile,1,RLENGTH)
        if (envvar in ENVIRON)
        rcFile = ENVIRON[envvar] substr(rcFile,RLENGTH+1)
        else
        continue
    }
    if (rcFile in filesRead)
        continue
    # rcfiles are liable to be given more than once, e.g. UHOME and HOME
    # may be the same
    filesRead[rcFile]
    if ("x" in Options)
        printf "Reading configuration file %s\n",rcFile > "/dev/stderr"
    retStr = ReadConfigFile(Values,Lines,rcFile,"#","=",0,"",1)
    if (retStr > 0)
        READ_RCFILE = 1
    else if (ret != "") {
        OptErr = retStr
        Ret = -1
    }
    for (Var in Lines)
        if (Var in Map) {
        if ((Err = AssignVal(Map[Var],
        Var in Values ? Values[Var] : "",Options,Types[Var],
        Var in Values,Var,0)) < 0)
            return Err
        }
        else {
        OptErr = sprintf(\
        "Unknown var \"%s\" assigned to on line %d\nof file %s",Var,
        Lines[Var],rcFile)
        Ret = -1
        }
    }

    if ("x" in Options)
    for (Var in Map)
        if (Map[Var] in Options)
        printf "(%s) %s=%s\n",Map[Var],Var,Options[Map[Var]] > \
        "/dev/stderr"
        else
        printf "(%s) %s not set\n",Map[Var],Var > "/dev/stderr"
    return Ret
}

# OptSets is a semicolon-separated list of sets of option sets.
# Within a list of option sets, the option sets are separated by commas.  For
# each set of sets, if any option in one of the sets is in Options[] AND any
# option in one of the other sets is in Options[], an error string is returned.
# If no conflicts are found, nothing is returned.
# Example: if OptSets = "ab,def,g;i,j", an error will be returned due to
# the exclusions presented by the first set of sets (ab,def,g) if:
# (a or b is in Options[]) AND (d, e, or f is in Options[]) OR
# (a or b is in Options[]) AND (g is in Options) OR
# (d, e, or f is in Options[]) AND (g is in Options)
# An error will be returned due to the exclusions presented by the second set
# of sets (i,j) if: (i is in Options[]) AND (j is in Options[]).
# todo: make options given on command line unset options given in config file
# todo: that they conflict with.
function ExclusiveOptions(OptSets,Options,
Sets,SetSet,NumSets,Pos1,Pos2,Len,s1,s2,c1,c2,ErrStr,L1,L2,SetSets,NumSetSets,
SetNum,OSetNum) {
    NumSetSets = split(OptSets,SetSets,";")
    # For each set of sets...
    for (SetSet = 1; SetSet <= NumSetSets; SetSet++) {
    # NumSets is the number of sets in this set of sets.
    NumSets = split(SetSets[SetSet],Sets,",")
    # For each set in a set of sets except the last...
    for (SetNum = 1; SetNum < NumSets; SetNum++) {
        s1 = Sets[SetNum]
        L1 = length(s1)
        for (Pos1 = 1; Pos1 <= L1; Pos1++)
        # If any of the options in this set was given, check whether
        # any of the options in the other sets was given.  Only check
        # later sets since earlier sets will have already been checked
        # against this set.
        if ((c1 = substr(s1,Pos1,1)) in Options)
            for (OSetNum = SetNum+1; OSetNum <= NumSets; OSetNum++) {
            s2 = Sets[OSetNum]
            L2 = length(s2)
            for (Pos2 = 1; Pos2 <= L2; Pos2++)
                if ((c2 = substr(s2,Pos2,1)) in Options)
                ErrStr = ErrStr "\n"\
                sprintf("Cannot give both %s and %s options.",
                c1,c2)
            }
    }
    }
    if (ErrStr != "")
    return substr(ErrStr,2)
    return ""
}

# The value of each instance of option Opt that occurs in Options[] is made an
# index of Set[].
# The return value is the number of instances of Opt in Options.
function Opt2Set(Options,Opt,Set,  count) {
    if (!(Opt in Options))
    return 0
    Set[Options[Opt]]
    count = Options[Opt,"count"]
    for (; count > 1; count--)
    Set[Options[Opt,count]]
    return count
}

# The value of each instance of option Opt that occurs in Options[] that
# begins with "!" is made an index of nSet[] (with the ! stripped from it).
# Other values are made indexes of Set[].
# The return value is the number of instances of Opt in Options.
function Opt2Sets(Options,Opt,Set,nSet,  count,aSet,ret) {
    ret = Opt2Set(Options,Opt,aSet)
    for (value in aSet)
    if (substr(value,1,1) == "!")
        nSet[substr(value,2)]
    else
        Set[value]
    return ret
}

# Returns true if option Opt was given on the command line.
function CmdLineOpt(Options,Opt,  i) {
    for (i = 1; (Opt,"num",i) in Options; i++)
    if (Options[Opt,"num",i] != 0)
        return 1
    return 0
}
### End of ProcArgs library

# Return (in Ind) the indices of the elements with the smallest value in A.
# The smallest value is returned as the function value.
# If there are no elements in A, null is returned.
function arrMin(A,Ind,  i,min) {
    for (i in A)
    if (min == "" || A[i] < min) {
        DeleteAll(Ind)
        min = A[i]
        Ind[i]
    }
    else if (A[i] == min)
        Ind[i]
    return min
}

# Remove all elements from Set
function DeleteAll(Set,  i) {
    for (i in Set)
    delete Set[i]
}